CSF findings in bacterial vs viral meningitis CSF analysis is a vital investigation to separate bacterial from viral aetiology. However, bacterial meningitis carries a much higher morbidity and mortality burden. Viral infection is the most common cause. Meningitis is caused by inflammation of the meninges, usually secondary to viral or bacterial infection. You might also be interested in our collection of 800+ OSCE Stations that cover clinical examination, procedures, communication skills and data interpretation. Glucose: 2.8 – 4.2 mmol/L (or ≥ 60% serum glucose concentration) Protein: 0.15 – 0.45 g/L (or <1% of the serum protein concentration) White blood cells (WBC): 0 – 5 cells/µL, predominantly lymphocytes. As such, CSF is generally a low-protein fluid with copious glucose. protein) but allows the passage of smaller molecules (e.g. The blood-brain barrier is effective against large molecules (e.g. The presence of PMNs in the CSF, particularly neutrophils, suggests bacterial meningitis. In ‘normal’ CSF, WBCs should be predominantly lymphocytes. PMNs include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. White blood cell analysis in CSF usually separates WBCs into lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). However, up to 5 white blood cells (WBCs) and 5 red blood cells (RBCs) per microlitre (µL) are considered normal after lumbar puncture. To understand CSF abnormalities in certain disease states, it is important to understand normal CSF composition. CSF interpretation is also used to diagnose important non-infective pathologies, including subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most common indication for a diagnostic lumbar puncture is to investigate cases of suspected CNS infection (e.g. Reference ranges vary between labs, so always follow local guidelines.Ī lumbar puncture is usually required to obtain a sample of CSF for analysis. 2000 20(3):307-22.This guide provides a structured approach to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including typical CSF results for specific disease processes. Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system. Serologic studies in the diagnosis and management of meningitis due to Sporothrix schenckii.

Marked polymorphonuclear pleocytosis due to blastomycotic meningitis: a case report and review.

2017 Aug 17(8):873-81.Ĭryptococcal, histoplasmal, coccidioidal, candidal, Exserohilum rostratum, Aspergillus, and mucormyocosal meningitis will be discussed in this topic. Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis.

The incidence of fungal meningitis is increasing worldwide due to the increasing number of patients immunosuppressed by pharmacologic agents and the ongoing burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited countries. All major fungal pathogens have the capacity to cause meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the leptomeninges. Interim guidance for the diagnosis and management of fungal meningitis associated with this outbreak is available and is being updated as the ongoing investigation develops.įungus Education Hub: interim recommendations for diagnosis and management of cases of fungal meningitis associated with epidural anesthesia administered in Matamoros, Mexico To date, over 200 people in 25 states have been identified as being at risk, and four patients have died. Given the potential high case-fatality rate of central nervous system Fusarium infections and the latency of symptom onset, the CDC advises that all exposed patients should receive a lumbar puncture to test for fungal meningitis, regardless of symptoms. Fungal signals consistent with the Fusarium solani species complex were detected in cerebrospinal fluid of patients receiving care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has advised of an ongoing multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis among patients who received procedures under epidural anesthesia at two centers in Matamoros, Mexico during January 1–May 13, 2023. CDC advises of fungal meningitis outbreak associated with procedures performed under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico

Cryptococcal meningitis csf findings